Demonstrative Pronouns: This, That, These, Those
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific things or people in relation to distance (near or far) and number (singular or plural).
Pronoun | Distance | Number | Example |
---|---|---|---|
This | Near | Singular | This is my book. |
That | Far | Singular | That is her car over there. |
These | Near | Plural | These are my shoes. |
Those | Far | Plural | Those are their houses across the street. |
Key Differences Between “This” and “It”
While both “this” and “it” refer to singular things, they are used differently:
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“This” – Used to introduce or emphasize something, especially when pointing it out.
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✅ This is my new phone. (Introducing the phone)
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✅ I like this dress. (Emphasizing the specific dress)
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“It” – Used to refer back to something already mentioned (not for pointing out).
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✅ I bought a phone. It is very expensive. (Referring back to “phone”)
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❌ ~~It is my new phone.~~ (Incorrect if not mentioned before)
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More Examples:
This vs. That (Singular)
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This (near): This coffee is hot. (The one I’m holding)
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That (far): That mountain looks huge. (Far away)
These vs. Those (Plural)
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These (near): These keys are mine. (On the table near me)
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Those (far): Those birds are flying high. (Distant in the sky)
“This” vs. “It”
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This (introducing): This is a great movie! (Pointing it out)
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It (referring back): I watched a movie. It was great. (Already mentioned)
Summary:
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This/These → Near the speaker (singular/plural).
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That/Those → Far from the speaker (singular/plural).
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“This” introduces or emphasizes, while “It” refers back to something known.