1. Formal Words
Definition: Used in professional, academic, or official settings. They follow strict grammar rules and avoid contractions or casual expressions.
Purpose: Conveys respect, professionalism, and clarity.
Examples:
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Informal: Give me the report. → Formal: Please provide the report.
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Informal: Kids → Formal: Children
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Informal: Buy → Formal: Purchase
Common in: Business emails, academic papers, legal documents, speeches.
2. Informal Words
Definition: Used in everyday conversations with friends, family, or colleagues in relaxed settings.
Purpose: Sounds natural and friendly.
Examples:
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Formal: I am unable to attend. → Informal: I can’t come.
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Formal: Father → Informal: Dad
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Formal: Residence → Informal: Home
Common in: Text messages, casual chats, social media.
3. Colloquial Words/Expressions
Definition: Informal, region-specific phrases used in spoken language (not usually in writing).
Purpose: Reflects local culture and identity.
Examples:
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British: “Fancy a cuppa?” (Want a cup of tea?)
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American: “Wanna hang out?” (Do you want to spend time together?)
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Australian: “Arvo” (Afternoon)
Common in: Spoken conversations, regional dialects.
4. Slang
Definition: Highly informal, trendy words used by specific groups (young people, subcultures).
Purpose: Sounds cool, rebellious, or insider-like (changes quickly over time).
Examples:
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“Lit” (Amazing)
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“Ghost” (To suddenly ignore someone)
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“Salty” (Bitter/angry)
Common in: Social media, youth culture, music.
5. Taboo Words
Definition: Offensive, vulgar, or socially unacceptable words (swear words, insults).
Purpose: Expresses strong emotions (anger, frustration) but can be rude or shocking.
Examples:
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Profanities (e.g., F, S)
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Racial slurs (Highly offensive)
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Insults (e.g., “You’re an idiot!”)
Note: Avoid in formal/public settings; can damage relationships.
Key Differences Summary:
Type | Formality | Audience | Example |
---|---|---|---|
Formal | High | Bosses, teachers | “Submit the document.” |
Informal | Low | Friends, family | “Send me the file.” |
Colloquial | Spoken | Local groups | “Y’all coming?” |
Slang | Very low | Peers, youth | “That’s dope!” |
Taboo | Offensive | Avoid in public | “Shut up!” |